Maschil d



(No Model.)

M. D. CONVERSE. PIVOTAL RIVET AND RIVETING.

No. 460,952. Patented Oct. 13, 1891.

ATTEST INVENTOH UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

MASOHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NET YORK, N. Y.

PIVOTAL RIVET AND RIVETING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 460,952, dated October 13, 1891.

Application tiled January 30, 1891. Serial No.379,658. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, a citizen of the United States, residing in thc city, county, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Pivotal Rivets and Riveting, ot which the following is a specification.

My invention relates more especially to pivotal rivets for tools and other articles in which it is desirable to have a well-made good-fitting pivot and nicely-iinished heads, as in nail-extractors, pliers, tongs, scissors, the.; and my invention consists in the peculiar construction ot the rivet and the Washers or parts to be united by it, whereby economy of cost is also insured, as will fully be shown hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a sectional view of my invention ready for application, with tools in place to set the same. Fig. 2 is also a sectional view of my invention after it has been applied, showing also how it has been set and secured in place. Figs. v and 4 represent modications of my invention, hereinafter referred to.

'Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures.

A is the pivotal rivet, entered through the axial holes in the parts B C, which it is to bind.

b and b are bosses or hubs surrounding the pivot seat or hole on the outer opposite sides.

c and c are the ends of the rivet finished. t d and a. represent a reduced portion ofthe rivet at each end, forming a neck and shoulder under the heads.

E and E are cup-dies having each a cavity e and e. These I have introduced to show the manner of setting the rivet and securing it in place,to which reference is madehereinafter.

The construction, application, and operation of my invention are as follows: IVhen the parts to be bound B C are of malleable or ductile metal, in their construction or 'forging hubs or bosses b b are formed upon them at the point where the hole for the pivotal rivet is to be bored, of such size that after the hole is bored there will be a more orless thin rim at the outer end of these hubs all round. Now a pivotal rivet is cut from a straight rod and finished with any form of head extern ally, but with a neck and shoulder formed at each end, of the general shape' shown in the drawings at a and a', by reducing the diameter of the rod at these points. As will be seen, the iiare or fiange of the head of the rivet by this construction is no larger than the diameter of the body or shank of the rivet. The rivet is now entered to the position shown by Fig. l, and two cup-dies E and E', of suitable form, are brought to bear upon the rims of the hubs l) and b', and then while one of the dies is held rigidly the other is struck by a hammer or otherwise forced forward toward the former, causing the rims of these hubs b b to be crushed and compressed inwardly all round under the shoulders and into the necks of the rivet at a o', firmly setting the metal and embracing the pivot and uniting the parts B and C, the cavities e c in the cup-dies being' deepenough to leave the previously-nished heads of the rivet unmarred.

It will be clear that the form ot construction shown in Fig. 3 asa modification, wherein the pivotal rivet is cast or forged'solid on one of the parts bound, might be adopted in some cases as an economical expedient and without departing from the spirit ot' my invention, and that where the parts to be bo und are of hard or non -ductilc metal,washers made of malleable metal, of substantially the form shown in Fig. 4, asa modification, could also be used without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, `what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described riveting system, consisting of a rivet having a neck and shoulder at its ends, in combination with bosses upon the sides of the parts it is to bind, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

2. The herein-described riveting system, consisting of a rivet having a neck and shoulderat its ends, in combination with malleablemetal bosses upon the sides of the parts it is to bind, constructed, applied, and to operate sub stantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

MASOHIL D. CONVERSE.

Witnesses:

SAML. A. DEUEY, JOHN T. ARMS. 

